COLUMN

@ Halal | September-October. 2025

• Halal audits are rigorous checks of documents, processes, and facilities to ensure every product truly meets halalan toyyiban standards.

• Missing certificates or a lack of awareness beyond the halal executive are the most common causes of non-compliance.

• Auditors safeguard consumer faith that the halal logo is not just a mark, but a promise of integrity, safety, and responsibility.

But what happens before a product earns the right to display that logo? Behind the scenes, a system of checks, inspections, and evaluations ensures the halal logo is more than just a sticker. At the heart of this system lies the halal audit, a structured process that protects consumers and builds trust in the halal industry.

WHAT IS HALAL AUDIT?

A halal audit is a systematic inspection that verifies whether a company complies with halal standards and shariah requirements. It ensures every step of production, from raw material sourcing to the finished product, aligns with Islamic law and food safety expectations.

In Malaysia, audits are a mandatory requirement under the Manual Procedure for Malaysia Halal Certification( MPPHM 2020) and the Malaysian Halal Management System( MHMS 2020). These frameworks make certification structured and continuously monitored, giving both local and international consumers confidence in the Malaysian halal logo.

There are two main types of halal audits. The company itself conducts internal audits to monitor compliance and prepare for certification. In contrast, external audits are performed by certification bodies, such as the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia( JAKIM), to confirm that requirements are fully met before granting or renewing certification. In short, internal audits are self-checks, while external audits act as the final gatekeepers.

BY NUR AZIRA TUKIRAN

AND

BY NURRULHIDAYAH AHMAD FADZILLAH

International Institute for Halal Research and Training( INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia( IIUM)

INSIDE A HALAL AUDIT

A halal audit reviews documents, ingredients, processes, and facilities to ensure compliance with shariah and halalan toyyiban principles. The process typically begins with a review of the documentation.

At this stage, auditors examine records that prove compliance, including halal certificates for all ingredients, supplier approval documents, and standard operating procedures for handling and segregating halal materials.

Good documentation is more than bureaucracy; it is the backbone of traceability, ensuring that if any problem arises, the source of every ingredient can be quickly identified.

Once the paperwork is verified, auditors proceed to the on-site inspection. They walk through production floors, storage areas, and packaging lines to ensure actual practices match what is written in the documents.

They look for measures that prevent any cross-contact between halal and non-halal substances, whether hygiene protocols are strictly followed, and whether equipment is cleaned and used correctly.

For example, in a confectionery plant, an auditor may follow the journey of a chocolate coating from the supplier certificate to its storage, into production, and finally into packaging, making sure that integrity is preserved at every stage.

COMMON FINDINGS AND REAL CHALLENGES

Halal audits often uncover similar issues across different companies. One of the most common findings is the presence of incomplete or outdated documentation. Every raw material, additive, and flavouring, no matter how minor, must be supported by a valid halal certificate from the

Halal auditors and compliance officers are the unsung heroes of the halal industry. Their names do not appear on advertisements, yet their work underpins the credibility of the logo.

supplier.

This includes the emulsifiers that keep chocolate smooth, the gelatin capsules in supplements, and the“ natural flavourings” in drinks. Yet these small details are sometimes overlooked. Even a single missing or expired certificate can delay approval or place an existing halal status at risk.

Auditors often describe documentation as the“ spine” of halal integrity; if a problem arises, the entire supply chain must be traceable at once. In some audits, halal files have been found to contain outdated information, mismatched processing addresses, or Internal Halal Committee( IHC) charts listing members who have long since left the company.

Such oversights confuse monitoring visits and often lead to non-conformance reports.

Another recurring challenge is staff awareness and training. Workers involved in handling halal products must understand and apply halal procedures daily, segregating ingredients, maintaining hygiene, and ensuring proper labelling and storage.

Yet in many companies, these responsibilities fall almost entirely on the halal executive, while other employees and sometimes even management remain unaware of their role. When that single individual resigns or is absent, halal compliance can falter( Nadzri et al., 2025).

These issues underline an essential truth: halal assurance is not a one-time effort to pass an audit. It is a discipline that must be woven into daily operations.

Companies that excel in audits are those that invest in continuous training, maintain rigorous supplier management, carry out regular internal checks, and follow the guidelines to the letter.

Most importantly, they cultivate a culture where everyone from the boardroom to the delivery van understands that halal integrity is both a professional duty and a matter of faith.

WHY HALAL AUDITS MATTER

Halal audits are the backbone of consumer trust. They ensure that products carrying the halal logo are genuinely compliant with halalan toyyiban requirements. For consumers, this means that every certified product has been thoroughly scrutinised, documented, and verified to protect both spiritual and physical well-being.

Beyond technical compliance, halal audits uphold integrity and amanah. Auditors and companies are respon-