The HEALTH : November 2018 | Page 17

17 column NOVEMBER, 2018 | THE HEALTH O B - GYN PFRCIVF.COM Male infertility Men contribute 50 per cent to infertility rates. When consummating and ejaculating alone is insuffi cient I NFERTILITY no longer concerns the female alone, but one that involves the other counterpart as they account to 50 per cent of the problem. “Male infertility rates has increased drastically over the last 10 years,” revealed KL Fertility and Gynaecology Centre fertility specialist Dr Agilan Arjunan. While he attributed the factors to environment and lifestyle, he stated that men are intentionally or unintentionally being poisoned over the last few years. What does he mean? Five factors that aff ects the sperm quality of a man “Smoking, as we know reduces the count and the quality of the sperm. Men have to realise that merely consummating and ejaculating alone is insufficient to impregnate the lady. It has to do with the sperm count which is the quantity and more importantly the quality of the sperm.” “A male who smokes is able to produce hundreds of millions of sperm. Nevertheless, if most of the sperm is dead or abnormal, it cer- tainly would not be able to fertilise an egg to form an embryo.” He revealed that the condition is irreversible although when one should stop smoking. “It all depends on the extent of the damage that has already occurred. Making lifestyle changes in addition to not smok- ing, taking supplements and trying to improve the production capability of the sperm might help to a certain extent but it certainly will not reverse back to normal.” Secondly, processed food or unhealthy diet has been shown to reduce sperm quality. “Studies conducted over a six month period to a year on young men from 25 – 30 years of age have shown that the sperm quality and count in those who consumed fast and processed food was gradually dropping. Unlike common believe, men do have a biological clock. After the age of 30, their sperm count and quality drops drasti- cally. The condition would worsen if they have an unhealthy diet.” Obesity “Obesity is yet another factor which is not only related to infertility, but is also a contribut- ing factor to numerous other diseases like high blood pressure and diabetes.” “A man who is obese, he pro- duces a lot of female hormones. Male hormones are converted into female hormones, and thus reducing the sperm production capability in him.” Agilan attributed the fourth BY DR AGILAN ARJUNAN factor to stress and revealed that there are evidences to show that stress is associated with poorer sperm quality and also the count. “More so, when the men is stressed, it affects his sexual activity which directly leads to infertility.” Alcohol consumption also plays an important role. “Binge drinking or too much of alcohol has been proven to reduce sperm count and also sperm qual- ity. So, men have to watch what they drink,” he said. Apart from these factors, he emphasised that a small propor- tion of men actually inherit the condition. A man who produces less sperm (oligospermia) – five per cent of them have a genetic defect where the sperm produc- tion is reduced. The genetic factor “Among those men who are not producing sperm at all (azoosper- mia), up to 15 per cent of those men can have a genetic defect in his male gene which is the y chromosome.” “There are few types of defect and one of those is where the sperm can still be retrieved with a minor surgical procedure directly from the testicle.” “But there are other defects that we know that even if we do a surgery, the chances of retrieving sperm is near to zero.” “The other implication of diagnosing men that carry this defect of y chromosome is that even if he goes through an IVF and is successful of getting a son, he would pass down that same exact defect to the son. So, it is important that they go through a genetic coun- selling before going through an IVF.” Fertility health starts from secondary school Take care of your lifestyle. “That doesn’t start in your late 30’s. Fertility health has to start when you are still very young – even from secondary school,” says KL Fertility and Gynaecology Centre fertility specialist Dr Agilan Arjunan. “This encapsulates your lifestyle choices, eat well and if you aren’t a smoker - don’t start. If you take alcohol; try to stop or consume in moderation. Lead a healthy lifestyle, exercise so that you aren’t obese and take supplements.”