NOVEMBER, 2018 | THE HEALTH iron men
Sports induced shoulder instability Orchitis
caused by
infection
S
HOULDER instability affects the
younger age group as they are more
inclined towards sports.
Kelana Jaya Medical Centre Consul-
tant Orthopaedics & Traumatology Dr
Mohd Ikraam Ibrahim explained that
shoulder instability can be divided into
two groups - one that is acquired which
is usually caused by trauma while the
other which is congenital meaning that
the patient has generalised ligament
laxity.
“We need to ascertain whether this
is purely due to trauma which is more
common or if the patient is actually
born with ligament laxity. If it is caused
by trauma, it is not always treated with
surgery.”
“Despite that, we always tell patients
that 70 per cent would have chances
of recurrence, because the tissue (the
labrum) does not heal properly. The
labrum refers to the capsule or the tissue
which is usually torn. So, unhealed tissue
will cause instability in the dislocated
area. However, in generalised laxity,
the pre-existing capsule of the patient
is already loosened, hence treatment is
different.”
In trauma cases, he said that patients
are advised to do a stabilisation surgery
if it recurs for the second time. This can
be done through a keyhole surgery or an
ultrascopic repair.
As for patients with generalised
laxity, they are sent for physiotherapy
to strengthen the muscle.
“This is done so the muscle will hold
the shoulder. Although it is repaired, the
23
ORCHITIS is an inflamma-
tion of one or both testicles
that usually stems from an
infection.
What causes orchitis?
Anterior instability accounts for 95 per
cent of acute traumatic dislocations.
thing when the shoulder is pushed up as
the tissue is good,” he said.
Symptoms
recurrence rate is high as the own tissue
is lax.”
Diagnosing shoulder instability
Mohd Ikraam revealed that diagnosis
would begin with physical examination.
“This is when patients would be appre-
hensive – where when aggravated – the
patient would stop the surgeon from doing
so. In a normal patient, they won’t feel a
Among the common indication of shoulder
instability include limited overhead activ-
ity —extension and external rotation— as
this is where the shoulder is weak.
Meanwhile, the chances for those 40
years and above to suffer from shoulder
instability are slim as they aren’t as active
in sports compared to younger persons.
Even if it should get dislocated at the age
of 45 years old, the chances of recurrence
is only 10 per cent as compared to younger
patients.
Gleneagles Kota Kinabalu
Consultant Urologist Dr
Wong Teck Boon described
orchitis as the result of
either a viral or bacterial
infection.
“The most common virus
that causes the condition is
mumps. It often occurs in
boys after puberty. Orchitis
tends to develop four to six
days after the mumps begin
to appear.”
“As for bacterial infec-
tion, this can come in
the form of urinary tract
infections and sexually
transmitted infections such
as gonorrhoea, chlamydia
and epididymitis.”
Symptoms
According to Wong, patients
with orchitis may exhibit
symptoms such as testicular
swelling, redness, pain and
tenderness, fever and chills,
nausea, malaise and fatigue,
headache, body aches and
pain during passing of
urine.