The HEALTH : October 2018 | Page 11

issue: hygiene OCTOBER, 2018 | The HEALTH Cholera ingested by contaminated food and water C MSU.EDU HOLERA is an acute diarrhea infec- tion caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholera. According to the World Health Organisation, an estimated 1.3 to four million cases are reported world- wide with 21 000 to 143 000 deaths due to cholera each year. Gleneagles Kuala Lumpur Family Medicine specialist Dr Marieanne Sun- dram explained that cholera is a virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhea. “It takes between 12 hours and five days for a person to show symptoms after ingesting contaminated food or water. “It’s an oral-fecal method of transfer. If the person’s hygiene is not good, his stools, and he doesn’t clean his hands after washing and he goes out to prepare a meal – he can transmit the infection to another person. If you don’t have proper sanitation and people use rivers to pass motion, that is where if the person has cholera infec- tion, he/she can transmit the infection to the whole village or anyone who comes in contact with the contaminated water and food as well.” Most people infected do not develop any symptoms although the bacteria is present in their faeces up to 10 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people. Among people who develop symp- toms, the majority have mild or moderate symptoms, while a minority develop acute watery diarrhea with severe dehydration which can be fatal if left untreated. Staph infections caused by bacteria in the skin Kissing pets associated with zoonoses disease PETS – they give you joy, loyalty and sloppy kisses. But before you allow Fido or Fluffy to climb into bed at night or share lip space with you, know that they can also give you zoonoses. The most common parasitic zoono- ses associated with dogs are caused by hookworms and roundworms, which in humans can cause gastro