The HEALTH : Xtra October 2018 | Page 18

Xtra Infertility Doesn’t Favour Only Women Delay conceiving after 35 among women and men has led to many consulting for In Vitro Fertilisation treatment 16 Lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol and unhealthy food are also known to reduce the number of eggs as well as its quality. This however is irreversible and consuming supplements is to no avail. Another reason is attributed to other infections besides endometriosis which may block the fallopian tube, losing the chance to conceive. Rare incidence of the embryo not getting implanted in the uterus due to growth of fibroids and adenomyosis may also dampen the reality of pregnancy. W ORLDWIDE, one in six cou- ples are faced with infertility issues. Although there are no data collected in Malaysia, KL Fertility and Gynaecology Centre Sdn Bhd Fertility specialist Dr Agilan Arjunan described the situation as similar. “We are not far-off based on the number of people coming in and based on the growth of the fertility industry where more and more people are stepping forward for it.” While the groundwork for infertility are mainly divided between both genders, male problems are attributed more to lifestyle and has an adverse effect in the urban society. INFERTILITY IN FEMALE More often than not, problems concern- ing infertility and treatment are directed towards women. “Age is a pivotal factor. In the past, a woman would be in her mid or late 20’s when she first conceives. With time, this slowly evolved to her 30’s, and now it has shifted to mid-30’s. Data derived from our own clinic shows that those seeking treatment previ- ously were 35 but as of 2017, it has surged to 37 and above.” “As the age increases, the chances of conceiving decreases, basically due to the number of eggs and the quality of it.” “At pubescence, a woman has half a million eggs. Every month, they produce one, and this would ovulate while the rest nine to 10 die off. From here, the journey of ovulation should be a smooth sailing one until the age of 45 years or older. As her age increases, although she may have the same number of eggs, the quality decreases.” “Even in a woman in her 20’s, the number of eggs gradually reduces, and the reduction rate gets steeper as she approaches 35 and above.” GOOD SPERM IS ALL IT TAKES Dr Agilan Arjunan. FACTORS THAT DECREASE A WOMAN’S FERTILITY RATE The number of eggs decreases due to various reasons, the first factor being age, followed by medical conditions such as endometriosis which is frequently underdiagnosed. Data collected from a research that was carried out three to five years in the United States as well as in major European countries revealed that endometriosis were not being diagnosed until seven to 10 years after couples know they are infertile. “In Malaysia, we aren’t any different. The only conclusive way to diagnose endome- triosis is by doing a laparoscopic surgery. At present, one is done to remove a cyst and while doing so, the surgeon finds out the cause to be due to endometriosis.” “Endometriosis damages the ovary, especially when there is a cyst. When this results in repeated surgery, it reduces the number of eggs quickly.” “Contrary to popular belief, men actually have a fertility biological clock, which is at 30. Once a male hits this age, his sperm count drops. Not only the quantity but the quality of the sperm as well.” Again, lifestyle is an inherent part. Either smoking or those who binge on alcohol by abstaining for six days of the week and let loose on the seventh, and uncontrolled diet leading to obesity all reduces the count and quality. Pertaining to binge drinking, Agilan explained that it was far worse, and recom- mended for one to spread the drink – one to two glasses twice to three times a week. It is also said that processed food is yet another factor leading to poor sperm quality. “Stress doesn’t reduce your sperm count but affects the libido which relates to infer- tility. Too much of stress has some link to poorer quality of sperm as well.” In 2016, KL Fertility and Gynaecology Centre Sdn Bhd bec