March-April. 2026 | The HEALTH
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For diseases such as measles, very high vaccination coverage- often 90-95 per cent- is required to maintain herd immunity. If coverage falls below this threshold, outbreaks can occur rapidly, spreading through communities and affecting both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.
The consequences are particularly severe for vulnerable groups. Infants who have not yet completed their vaccination schedule rely heavily on herd immunity for protection. Similarly, elderly individuals and those with chronic illnesses face higher risks of complications from infectious diseases.
In the context of the NIP, widespread refusal or delay in vaccination could undermine the programme ' s effectiveness. This not only increases the risk of outbreaks but also places additional strain on healthcare systems, which must respond to preventable diseases that could have been controlled through vaccination.
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Islam provides a comprehensive framework for decision-making that balances individual obligations with collective welfare. One of the fundamental objectives of Islamic law( maqasid al-shariah) is the preservation of life( hifz alnafs). This principle underscores the importance of protecting health and preventing harm.
" O you who believe, eat from the good things which We have provided for you …"( Quran, Al- Baqarah, 2:172)
While this verse addresses dietary practices, it reflects a broader principle of choosing what is beneficial and avoiding harm. In the context of vaccination, this principle supports the use of preventive measures that protect individuals and communities from disease.
Scholars have also emphasised that in situations of necessity, prohibited elements may be permitted if they are essential to preserve life and no alternatives are available. This aligns with the concept of darurah, which allows flexibility in exceptional circumstances( Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen et al., 2024).
Contemporary Islamic authorities have generally supported vaccination programmes, recognising their role in safeguarding public health. The concept of maslahah further reinforces the idea that actions benefiting the community should be prioritised( Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen et al., 2024).
Therefore, while concerns about halal status are important, they should be considered alongside the broader objectives of Islam, which emphasise protection, prevention, and collective wellbeing.
VACCINE ACCEPTANCE
Addressing vaccine hesitancy requires collaboration between healthcare providers, religious authorities, and the community. The following steps can help improve confidence in vaccination: Provide clear and transparent information about vaccine safety and effectiveness Educate communities about the role of the NIP and the benefits of hexavalent vaccines Clarify halal-related concerns through authoritative fatwas and expert opinions Engage religious leaders to communicate accurate information in mosques and community settings Counter misinformation by promoting evidence-based knowledge Emphasise the concept of collective responsibility in protecting vulnerable populations
By building trust and understanding, these efforts can encourage informed decisionmaking and increase participation in vaccination programmes.
CONCLUSION
Vaccine hesitancy among Muslims reflects a complex interplay of religious concerns, misinformation, and perceptions of risk. While questions about halal status are valid, they should not overshadow the broader responsibility to protect life and prevent harm.
The National Immunisation Programme, including the use of hexavalent vaccines, is designed to safeguard individuals and communities from preventable diseases( Gavi, 2025; World Health Organisation, 2023). Refusing vaccination not only increases personal risk but also weakens herd immunity, exposing vulnerable members of society to danger.
Islam encourages proactive measures to preserve health and well-being. Vaccination aligns with these principles by preventing disease and promoting collective safety. In this context, choosing to vaccinate is not merely a personal decision- it is a social and ethical responsibility.
Ultimately, halal considerations should be understood within the wider framework of Islamic teachings, which prioritise the protection of life and the common good. By embracing both scientific evidence and religious guidance, Muslim communities can contribute to a healthier and more resilient society.- The HEALTH