BY NORSIDA MAN Department of Agribusiness and Bioresource Economics Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia ( UPM )

It is also a cornerstone of food security , acting as a primary supplier of food and raw materials for resource-based industries . Furthermore , the sector drives regional development and enhances societal well-being .

However , despite its importance , the agricultural sector , as we know it , constantly faces numerous challenges and obstacles .

One of the most pressing challenges is the impact of climate change , which requires urgent attention through the implementation of adaptative strategies , given the significant influence of climate on agricultural activities .

Other challenges include limited availability of arable land , soil fertility and suitability concerns , difficulties in managing crop diseases and pests , insufficient knowledge and skills , and harmful societal perceptions of the sector .

The agricultural workforce also suffers from low youth participation , inadequate recognition of women ’ s contributions , and a shortage of skilled labour . Although the use of technology can benefit agriculture through enhanced efficiency , particularly in labour-

AGEING WORKFORCE

This is particularly true among ageing farmers , who often face barriers , such as a lack of familiarity with modern tools and the high costs associated with technological innovations .

The shift in government policies and strategies can exert influence on the agricultural sector . Ineffective measures can stifle progress , resulting in stagnation and , ultimately , hampering growth .

Moreover , underdeveloped infrastructure , inadequate facilities , and a scarcity of skilled labour further contributed to the challenges faced by the sector . A lack of skills in farm management can result in reduced agricultural output , which can undermine the sector ’ s competitiveness in an increasingly globalised market .

Inefficient management practices not only weaken individual farms but collectively diminish the sector ’ s ability to thrive . Adding to this challenge is the inefficiency of agricultural extension officers , whose role is crucial in bridging the gap between innovation and practical application .

When these officers are unable to perform effectively , the adoption of advanced technologies and the seamless transfer of technology to farmers are impeded , leaving the sector struggling to modernise .

During the recent unveiling of Budget 2025 , Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim announced RM300 million for collaborative agricultural projects with State governments and an additional RM27 million in incentives to support farmers and livestock breeders in boosting production .

The annual budget tabled by the Prime Minister , in general , is considered to benefit low- and middle-income groups , with a focus on increasing agricultural output , empowering local communities , and stimulating economic growth .

The budget highlights several

priority areas aimed at addressing systemic challenges in the agricultural sector . These include :

• Improving facilities and infrastructure .

• Strengthening the oil palm industry .

• Intensifying small and mediumsized enterprises ( SMEs ) based on agriculture .

• Accelerating the digitalisation of the agricultural sector .

• Alleviating financial and operational burdens faced by paddy farmers and small-scale rubber growers . ª Expanding the agri-food sector to safeguard food security .

• Creating more employment opportunities in agriculture . Given the substantial budget allocation by the government , these resources must be utilised effectively to stimulate growth and development . The annual budget is expected to inspire the public to overcome challenges and drive transformative improvements in productivity and living standards .

However , current trends show a growing dependence on ageing farmers , which could impact agricultural output in the next 10 to 20 years . The sector urgently needs

skilled farmers , growers , and breeders who can efficiently manage their farms , possess advanced knowledge and technical skills , and leverage modern technologies .

Relying on an ageing , unproductive workforce could impede progress . Ageing farmers , often content with their current lifestyles , may lack the drive to improve productivity . In contrast , younger individuals are more adaptable and better equipped to embrace technological and managerial advancements .

YOUTH PARTICIPATION

Unfortunately , youth participation in agriculture is underwhelming , primarily due to negative perceptions of the sector . Many find agriculture less appealing and prefer jobs in more comfortable environments . This trend poses a significant challenge , given that youth are meant to be the pillar and future of the agricultural industry .

The decline is particularly evident in labour-intensive subsectors like paddy , rubber , and oil palm . To attract and retain them in the sector , several challenges must be addressed .

First , there is a need to improve