This thoughtful approach enables passengers to experience the timeless aesthetic of classic railway vehicles while benefiting from modern advancements in safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Japan’ s meticulous maintenance culture stood out to us, prompting a closer look at the philosophies and practices that have kept these trains running smoothly for decades. What we discovered was more than just an effective system of upkeep- it reflected a deeply ingrained mindset that emphasises sustainability, resourcefulness, and long-term planning.

This philosophy provides valuable insights for railway management and broader infrastructure maintenance, particularly in countries like Malaysia, where ongoing maintenance issues continue to challenge public services.

PILLAR OF GREEN MOVEMENT

In Japan, the concept of a“ maintenance culture” encompasses not only routine repairs but also proactive measures. It is a societal value rooted in proactive care, precision, and respect for resources. This mindset is particularly evident in Japan’ s railway system, where maintenance extends beyond fixing problems to emphasise preservation, efficiency, and lifespan extension.

Preventive maintenance, regular inspections, and strategic upgrades ensure these trains remain functional and safe despite their age.

Japan’ s success in railway preservation and modernisation does not rely solely on maintaining vintage trains in their original state. While some older models are carefully preserved for historical and tourism purposes, many undergo strategic upgrades to ensure continued operational functionality. These enhancements often include

� Anis Najiha Ahmad

� Yumi Z. H-Y Hashim

International Institute for Halal Research and Training( INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia

the integration of more efficient engines, the modernisation of electrical systems for improved performance, and interior refurbishments to enhance passenger comfort and accessibility( Mindur et al., 2024).

By striking a balance between heritage preservation and technological advancements, Japan ensures that classic trains remain a vital part of its modern railway network.

MOTTAINAI

A key principle driving Japan’ s maintenance culture is mottainai, a Japanese term that expresses regret

over waste and promotes the careful use of resources. This principle encourages reducing waste, reusing materials, and maximising the value of existing resources. Mottainai aligns closely with Islamic principles of stewardship( amanah) and responsibility. The Quran reminds believers to avoid wastefulness:

“… and do not go about spreading corruption in the land.”( Quran, Al-Baqarah, 2:60)

While mottainai emphasises resource efficiency, amanah expands this to include accountability and ethical responsibility in managing what we are entrusted with. By extending the life cycle of their trains, Japan demonstrates a practical sustainability model that resonates with these values.

WIN-WIN MODEL

Japan’ s donation of 17 decommissioned train cars to Thailand in 2022 reflects both environmental awareness and strategic asset management. While presented as an act of generosity, it also allowed Japan to avoid the costly and environmentally harmful process of scrapping.

For Thailand, the donation was a valuable gain. These well-maintained trains boosted service capacity and have since been used for tourism, attracting visitors and benefiting local economies( Wancharoen, 2022).

This win-win approach shows how sustainable practices can create value while reducing waste- a model that offers valuable insights into Malaysia’ s infrastructure management.

PRESERVATION VS. RENEWAL

While Japan’ s dedication to preserving trains reflects a strong commitment to sustainability, its approach to residential housing presents a different perspective. Homes in Japan are often demolished and rebuilt after approximately 30 years, a practice influenced by evolving building codes, earthquake safety concerns, and a cultural preference for modern design( Berg, 2017). This approach has sparked debate. While some view it as wasteful

, others argue that it reflects Japan’ s focus on safety, resilience, and adaptability in a country prone to natural disasters. Rather than being purely a matter of convenience or preference, this cycle of renewal is often seen as a proactive strategy to ensure structures meet current safety standards.

Ultimately, Japan’ s contrasting approaches to trains and housing highlight that sustainability is not a one-size-fits-all concept. The key lies in assessing long-term value, safety, and functionality when deciding what to maintain and what to replace- a lesson that Malaysia can apply by preserving valuable assets while strategically upgrading those that require renewal.

A WAKE-UP CALL

A strong maintenance culture is particularly relevant in Malaysia, where concerns over transportation infrastructure continue to grow. Issues such as malfunctioning air-conditioning units, broken toilets, and frequent delays have drawn criticism from the public and disrupted daily commutes.

Rather than addressing problems only when they arise, Malaysia could benefit from Japan’ s proactive approach- one that emphasises regular inspections, preventive maintenance, and strategic long-term planning. Improving maintenance practices could significantly enhance the reliability and lifespan of Malaysia’ s rail systems.

Malaysia’ s maintenance challenges extend beyond the railway sector. Public infrastructure, parks, and cultural landmarks often suffer from neglect and inadequate upkeep.

For instance, Taman Tasik Titiwangsa, a central public park redeveloped as part of the KL River of Life project, has faced issues with unlicensed traders, cleanliness concerns, and poor waste management- raising concerns about its long-term sustainability. Similarly, Istana Budaya, Malaysia’ s premier performing arts venue, has faced recurring maintenance challenges, including roof damage and delayed repairs.

This pattern reflects a standard“ tak apa”(“ it’ s okay”) attitude,