March-April . 2025
Mosque Tourism 05
A reflection of tradition and culture
Local communities in Malaysia shape centuries of unique mosque architecture
MOSQUE AND COMMUNITY
MOSQUES in Malaysia showcase a variety of architectural styles shaped by the local communities they serve . Some mosques feature traditional Malay designs with timber structures and tiered roofs , while others reflect influences from the Middle East , India , China and other regions . This diversity highlights the country ’ s rich cultural heritage and makes mosque tourism a key attraction , positioning Malaysia as a leading destination for Islamic tourism .
According to Dato ’ Ar . Hajeedar Abdul Majid , Architect and Director of Hajeedar and Associates Sdn ( HAS ), the evolution of the architecture of the mosques in Malaysia is deeply rooted in the history of the communities .
Before political boundaries were established and countries formed , Malaysia was part of the Nusantara , where people lived , integrated , and developed their own distinct identities and religious practices . These cultural elements were then infused and reflected in their architectural forms .
“ Among the key architectural structures within these communities , aside from homes and places of work , are their places of worship . Hence , the mosque became a major architectural feature within the community ,” explained Hajeedar .
MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL EVOLUTION
He emphasised that each state in Malaysia has its own unique mosque architectural evolution , as influenced by local needs , craftsmanship , and cultural heritage . Mosques built throughout Malaysia ’ s history reflected the community ’ s perceptions and societal needs . However , the fundamental principle of mosque design remained the same , i . e ., creating a structure and sacred space that could accommodate congregational prayers .
“ Over the years , different mosques were created every time a community was developed . The initial building materials used were timber , bamboo , thatch , and other natural materials that could not withstand time .
“ Often , they were replaced and modified over the years . However , the need for
Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Mosque at IIUM Gombak Campus .
a mosque remains continuous and consistent . This is where the subtle regional evolution of mosque architecture can be observed .”
MOSQUE DESIGNS AND TOURISM
Hajeedar discussed Malaysia ’ s mosque tourism landscape , noting the intrinsic beauty of mosque architecture and its diverse influences . He explained that in Malaysia , mosques reflect a mixture of three or even four distinct influences .
He pointed out that traditionally , the mosque or masjid was built by the original Malay community . However , as the community grew , the influences of other races and cultures began to shape mosque architecture .
Hajeedar emphasised that the Muslim community was not solely made up of Malays , with influences from the Nusantara region contributing to the unique characteristics of the early tropical mosque architecture .
“ Subsequently , traders from India , the Middle East , and even China came . A prime example of this is in Malacca , via its trading history . The initial ‘ pyramidal architecture ’ roof form was modified with decorative elements , fenestrations , and details . Some mosque forms have also been influenced by Chinese , Mogul , Indian and Arab culture .
“ It is the Islamic faith that brings people together ; they may come from different cultural backgrounds , but their faith is the same . All mosques are universally designed to face Mecca ( Qibla ), and
Scan Me
Dome interior at Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Aziz , Petaling Jaya .
Saidina Abu Bakar AsSiddiq Mosque in Bangsar .
DATO ’ Ar . Hajeedar Abdul Majid , who was involved in the development of the Saidina Abu Bakar AsSiddiq Mosque in Bangsar , Kuala Lumpur , shared his experience of addressing the community ’ s need for a mosque .
In 1979 , recognising the lack of a mosque nearby , the residents of Bangsar initiated the project . The nearest mosque then was located near the University of Malaya , and the National Mosque was further away . The community felt the urgent need for their place of worship .
Hajeedar and his team identified a prime location for the mosque . They worked closely with the developer to ensure it would function not only as a place of worship but also as a social and community hub for the area ’ s diverse residents .
This collaboration truly reflected a strong sense of community spirit , demonstrating the collective commitment to creating a landmark space that fosters unity and inclusivity in the Malaysian context .
from this , one can see the strength , unity , purpose and values that a mosque can demonstrate .”
Hajeedar explained that the variety of architectural styles across different communities , especially in mosque design , plays a significant role in shaping Malaysia ’ s tourism landscape . Each State in Peninsular and East Malaysia has their historical evolution .
This diversity reflects the country ’ s cultural identity and offers a clear yet unique glimpse into the evolution of its architecture , making mosque tourism an essential and distinctive attraction . Today , there are several significant functioning traditional and modern mosques in Malaysia dating from as early as the 1400s ( Masjid Kampung Laut ). – RnR
Dato ’ Ar . Hajeedar |
DATO ’ Ar . Hajeedar Abdul Majid is an Architect with over 50 years of experience . In his career , he has completed approximately 100 projects , including 15 mosques and musolla - 14 in Malaysia and one overseas . Notable mosque projects |
include the Saidina Abu Bakar AsSiddiq Mosque in Bangsar , Kuala Lumpur , the Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Mosque at IIUM Gombak Campus , Masjid Jamek Sultan Abdul Aziz in Petaling Jaya and the National Mosque in the Republic of Maldives . |
Apart from his architectural works , Hajeedar is passionate about professional development and heritage conservation , dedicating his expertise to restoring historical buildings that reflect Malaysia ’ s rich cultural identity . |